Silicon–germanium receivers for short-wave-infrared optoelectronics and communications
Author:
Benedikovic Daniel12ORCID, Virot Léopold3, Aubin Guy1, Hartmann Jean-Michel3, Amar Farah1, Le Roux Xavier1, Alonso-Ramos Carlos1, Cassan Éric1, Marris-Morini Delphine1, Fédéli Jean-Marc3, Boeuf Frédéric4, Szelag Bertrand3, Vivien Laurent1
Affiliation:
1. Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies , 91120 , Palaiseau , France 2. Recently with Department Multimedia and Information-Communication Technologies , University of Žilina , 01008 Žilina , Slovakia 3. University Grenoble Alpes and CEA, LETI , 38054 Grenoble , France 4. STMicroelectronics, Silicon Technology Development , 38923 Crolles , France
Abstract
Abstract
Integrated silicon nanophotonics has rapidly established itself as intriguing research field, whose outlets impact numerous facets of daily life. Indeed, nanophotonics has propelled many advances in optoelectronics, information and communication technologies, sensing and energy, to name a few. Silicon nanophotonics aims to deliver compact and high-performance components based on semiconductor chips leveraging mature fabrication routines already developed within the modern microelectronics. However, the silicon indirect bandgap, the centrosymmetric nature of its lattice and its wide transparency window across optical telecommunication wavebands hamper the realization of essential functionalities, including efficient light generation/amplification, fast electro-optical modulation, and reliable photodetection. Germanium, a well-established complement material in silicon chip industry, has a quasi-direct energy band structure in this wavelength domain. Germanium and its alloys are thus the most suitable candidates for active functions, i.e. bringing them to close to the silicon family of nanophotonic devices. Along with recent advances in silicon–germanium-based lasers and modulators, short-wave-infrared receivers are also key photonic chip elements to tackle cost, speed and energy consumption challenges of exponentially growing data traffics within next-generation systems and networks. Herein, we provide a detailed overview on the latest development in nanophotonic receivers based on silicon and germanium, including material processing, integration and diversity of device designs and arrangements. Our Review also emphasizes surging applications in optoelectronics and communications and concludes with challenges and perspectives potentially encountered in the foreseeable future.
Funder
Technological Research Institute H2020 European Research Council IPCEI
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Subject
Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials,Biotechnology
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