The impact of the viral-bacterial consortium on occurrence and development of chronic periodontitis

Abstract

Relevance. The current theory of specific bacterial biofilm fails explain why a part of patients experiences inflammatory periodontal diseases while the absence of detected specific types of “red complex” bacteria.Purpose. To clarify the microbiological and immunological mechanisms of the influence of the viral and bacterial consortium in the etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases.Materials and methods. Articles survey with elements of metanalisis. Literature review based on discussion of research results on the topic of 48 sources including 33 foreign ones.Results. The review provides evidences of the possible participation of viruses of the Herpesviridae family in the development of chronic generalized periodontitis. Evidences for the role of herpes simplex viruses of type 1.2, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus in the development of periodontal inflammation are analyzed. It is proven that all herpesviruses induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines that activate osteoclasts and matrix metalloproteinases, as well as violate antibacterial immune mechanisms. In turn that leads to a progressive increase of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in both the biofilm and periodontal tissues.Conclusion. It is made a conclusion that an active herpetic infection can initiate damage to periodontal tissus and participate in the development of relapses of the disease.