Warmongers, Martyrs, and Madmen versus the Hobbesian Laws of Nature

Author:

Cohen Andrew I.

Abstract

Hobbes claims all persons agree on the value of the laws of nature and the peace to which they are means. He also sees the laws of nature as the ‘conclusions’ of right reason. But Hobbes argues that right reason in nature is particularized; each agent may decide which reasons govern her conduct. If Hobbes is then to cast the laws of nature as conclusions of right reason, he must either explain why the extent to which right reason in nature is particularized is not such as to impede convergence on the laws of nature, or he must explain why any divergence is irrelevant to the justification of the laws of nature.

Publisher

Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Subject

Philosophy

Reference64 articles.

1. 1968.Lev1New York: Penguin Books. See, for example,15, 216. Citations to Hobbes's works are‘Lev’: Leviathan, C.B. Macpherson, ed. ((by part, chapter, and page, respectively);‘El Law’: The Elements of Law: Human Nature and De Corpore Politico, J.C.A. Gaskin, ed. (New York: Oxford University Press 1994) (by part, chapter, section, and page, respectively);‘De Cive’ ‘De Homine’: Man and Citizen, Bernard Gert, ed. (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company 1991) (each by chapter, section, and page, respectively);‘Dlge’: A Dialogue between a Philosopher and a Student of the Common Laws of England, inThe English Works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 6, Sir William Molesworth, Bart., ed. (London: John Bohn 1840);‘QCLNC’: Questions Concerning Liberty, Necessity, and Chancein Molesworth, Volume 5;‘Beh’: Behemoth, Ferdinand Tönnies, ed. (ChicagoUniversity Press 1990).

2. Lev1 Hobbes casts the laws of nature as the conclusions of reason in.13, 188; and 1.14, 189. He describes the laws of nature specifically as conclusions ofrightreason atDe Cive1.15, 119; 2.1, 122–3 and atEl Law1.14.6, 79.

3. A note on methodology: Hobbes remarks on glory and the laws of nature throughout his corpus; I draw primarily from relevant passages in his three main political works. Throughout the political writings there are more or less constant views about glory seeking and about the conception and function of the laws of nature. I note any relevant differences as I proceed.

4. See also Darwall, ‘Internalism and Agency,’ 162: ‘what he [Hobbes] means by right reason is not some faculty of rational intuition, but simply a correct “reckoning” of consequences.’

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