1. Public Administration Study Program, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Medan Area, Medan, Indonesia
2. Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
3. Department of Social Welfare, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Indonesia
4. Universitas Iqra Buru, Namlea, Indonesia