1. Division of Tourism & Hospitality, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University (APU), Beppu, Japan
2. Faculty of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), Taipa, Macao
3. Griffith Institute for Tourism, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
4. Historical Culture and Tourism College, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, P. R. China