1. State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
2. Shenyang Institute of Automation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
3. Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
4. Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Surgical Robot, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
5. Department of Advanced Robotics, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
6. Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China