1. Christelow, Allan. 1991. “Theft, Homicide, and Oath in Early Twentieth Century Kano.” InThe End of Slavery in Africa, edited by Suzanne Miers and Richard Roberts, 205–23. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
2. Christelow, Allan. 1994.Thus Ruled Emir Abbas: Selected Cases from the Records of the Emir of Kano’s Judicial Council. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.
3. Clifford, James. 1988.The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth Century Ethnography, Literature, and Art. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
4. Cooper, Frederick. 1981. “Islam and Cultural Hegemony: The Ideology of Slaveowners on the East Africa Coast.” InThe Ideology of Slavery in Africa, edited by Paul Lovejoy, 271–307. Beverly Hills: Sage.
5. Escot, Paul. 1979.Slavery Remembered: A Record of Twentieth-Century Slave Narratives. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.