1. The Treaty of Tordehumos was negotiated under the aegis of Celestine III’s nephew, Cardinal Gregory of Sant’Angelo, and involved a scheme of ransomed towns, which were kept under guard by the Masters of two separate Military Orders, and which would be handed over to whichever party kept the peace longer. The king of Portugal was involved as a guarantor of cooperation from the two parties. Kyle Lincoln, “’Holding the Place of the Lord Pope Celestine’: Legations of Gregory, Cardinal-Deacon of Sant’Angelo (1192–4 and 1196–7),” Anuario de Historia de la Iglesia 24 (2014): 471–500. It was one of many such treaties in the long history of peace-brokering in the Iberian Christian kingdoms: Demetrio Mansilla Reoyo, “Inocencio III y los reinos hispanos,” Anthologica Annua 2 (1954): 13 n. 16.
2. The ecclesiastical province of Toledo included these sees and occasionally was able to induce cooperation from Burgos which, though exempt, belonged to the territory covered by the ancient province of Toledo: Andreas Holndonner, Kommunikation-Jurisdiktion-Integration. Das Papsttum und das Erzbistum Toledo im 12. Jahrhundert (ca. 1085–ca. 1185) (Berlin, 2014).
3. The ecclesiastical geography of the peninsula was such that, while Toledo – de iure “Primas Hispaniarum” – could theoretically command the suffragans of Santiago and Braga, Tarragona belonged to a different province, and thus Aragon and Navarra were out of Toledo’s direct jurisdiction: Demetrio Mansilla Reoyo, Geografía eclesiástica de España: estudio histórico-geográfico de las diócesis (Rome, 1994), 2:92–135.
4. Bernard Reilly, The Kingdom of León-Castilla under Alfonso VII, 1124-1158 (Philadelphia, 1998), 90-134
5. Carlos de Ayala Martínez, "Alfonso VII y la Cruzada. Participación de los obispos en la ofensiva reconquistadora," in Castilla y el mundo feudal. Homenaje al profesor Julio Valdeón, ed. María Isabel del Val Valdivieso and Pascual Martínez Sopena (Valladolid, 2009), 2:513-30