1. Research & Development Center, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan;
2. Research & Development Center, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan;
3. Research & Development Headquarters, Asahi Soft Drink Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan;
4. Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Aichi, Japan