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2. AFP (Agence France-Presse). 2011. “New Qaeda Spin-Off Threatens West Africa.” December 22.
3. AFP (Agence France-Presse). 2012a. “Radical Islamist Group Threatens France.” January 3.
4. AFP (Agence France-Presse). 2012b. “W. African jihadists threaten to kill Spanish hostage.” May 16.
5. AFP (Agence France-Presse). 2012c. “Scores of Africans recruited by Mali Qaeda offshoot.” YouTube, July 19.