1. Institute for Healthcare Delivery and Population Science, University of Massachusetts Medical School - Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA;
2. Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School - Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA;
3. Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Bedford, MA, USA;
4. Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA;
5. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School - Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA;
6. BerbeeWalsh Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA;
7. Divsion of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School - Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA;
8. Department of Quantitative and Population Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA