1. - (1857) 'Canton-English', Household Words 15: 450-2.
2. Bakhtin, Mikhail M. (1981) The Dialogic Imagination, edited by Michael Holquist, Austin: University of Texas Press.
3. Bhabha, Homi K. (1994) The Location of Culture, London: Routledge.
4. Bird, Miss (1883) Golden Chersonese, cited by Henry Yule and Arthur Burnell [1886] Hobson-Jobson, London: John Murray (entry for 'Pigeon English').
5. Boehm, Lise (1892) Of the Noble Army', China Coast Tales, pp. 73-132.