1. Thanks to June Hannam, Leonore Davidoff, Megan Doolittle, Janet Fink, Fiona Reid, Helen Kendall and the two referees for Women's History Review for useful suggestions and comments on this article.
2. StopesMarie Enduring Passion: further contributions to the solution of sex difficulties G. Putnam's Sons,London1928quoted in JacksonMargaret The Real Facts of Life: feminism and the politics of sexuality c. 1850-1940 Taylor & FrancisLondon1994
3. DMB to MC, 18 October 1921, Marie Stopes Papers in Archives and Manuscripts at the Wellcome Library for the History and Understanding of Medicine, PP/MCS/A43.
4. SeeGillisJohn A World of Their Own Making: myth, ritual and the quest for family values, ch. 7Harvard University PressCambridge, MA1996for a discussion of the conjugal ideal and its origins.
5. Kathryn Hughes (2001) It's Always been a Single Issue, Observer, 30 September.