The New Kaldor Facts: Ideas, Institutions, Population, and Human Capital

Author:

Jones Charles I.1,Romer Paul M.2

Affiliation:

1. Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, 518 Memorial Way, Stanford, CA 94305 and National Bureau of Economic Research.

2. Stanford University, Stanford Insitute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford, CA 94305 and National Bureau of Economic Research.

Abstract

In 1961, Nicholas Kaldor highlighted six “stylized” facts to summarize the patterns that economists had discovered in national income accounts and to shape the growth models being developed to explain them. Redoing this exercise today shows just how much progress we have made. In contrast to Kaldor's facts, which revolved around a single state variable, physical capital, our updated facts force consideration of four far more interesting variables: ideas, institutions, population, and human capital. Dynamic models have uncovered subtle interactions among these variables, generating important insights about such big questions as: Why has growth accelerated? Why are there gains from trade? (JEL D01, E01, E22, E23, E24, J11)

Publisher

American Economic Association

Subject

General Economics, Econometrics and Finance

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