Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of urban aerosols in Krakow (Poland) and their potential health impact
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Published:2021-04-29
Issue:11
Volume:43
Page:4601-4626
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ISSN:0269-4042
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Container-title:Environmental Geochemistry and Health
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Environ Geochem Health
Author:
Wilczyńska-Michalik WandaORCID, Różańska AnnaORCID, Bulanda MałgorzataORCID, Chmielarczyk AgnieszkaORCID, Pietras BartłomiejORCID, Michalik MarekORCID
Abstract
AbstractEight aerosol samples were collected in Krakow using a low-volume sampler in February and March 2019 during variable meteorological conditions and times of the day, to study their single particles’ properties (size, morphology and chemical composition analyzed using a scanning electron microscope fitted with an energy-dispersive spectrometer) and microbiological characteristics. The content of particles of different chemical compositions larger than 2.5 μm was low. Considering the number of the particles, submicron particles strongly dominated with a high content of ultrafine particles (nanoparticles). Tar ball-type particles were relatively common in the studied samples, while soot was the dominant component. Soot was present as small agglomerates composed of few particles, but also as bigger agglomerates. Metal-containing particles of various chemical characteristics were abundant, with transition metals commonly occurring in these particles. The physicochemical characteristics of aerosols indicate that despite a relatively low mass concentration, their adverse health impact could be very strong because of the high content of nanoparticles, the abundance of soot and other fuel combustion-related particles, and the high incidence of transition metal-rich particles. Microbiological analysis was based on cultures on both solid and liquid agar. The MALDI-TOF method was used for species identification—for bacteria and fungi. Twelve different species of bacteria were isolated from the collected samples of aerosols. The most frequently isolated species was Gram-positive sporulating Bacillus licheniformis. The isolated mold fungi were of the genus Aspergillus.
Funder
Ministry of Science and Higher Education by the Faculty of Geography and Biology Pedagogical University of Krakow Ministry of Science and Higher Education by the Faculty of Geography and Geology of the Jagiellonian University
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Geochemistry and Petrology,General Environmental Science,Water Science and Technology,Environmental Chemistry,General Medicine,Environmental Engineering
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