Too Much Sitting and Cardio-Metabolic Risk: An Update of Epidemiological Evidence

Author:

Bauman Adrian E.,Chau Josephine Y.,Ding Ding,Bennie Jason

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Pharmacology (medical),Pharmacology

Reference49 articles.

1. • Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT. Effect of physical inactivity on major noncommunicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet. 2012;380:219–29. This paper was a recent summary of the epidemiological evidence for physical inactivity and health using a burden of disease approach. It is slightly outside the remit of ‘sitting and health’ research, but is an important recent distillation of the health impact of not being physically active, with an estimated 9% of premature mortality across the world attributed to physical inactivity ( not meeting moderate intensity physical activity recommendations). This is around 5 million deaths per year that could be prevented if physical inactivity were abolished, and is a similar attributable number for tobacco smoking globally, and substantially larger to that attributed to obesity. For this reason, physical inactivity remains an important and under-recognized issue in preventive health.

2. WHO. Global recommendations on physical activity for health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.

3. • Proper KI, Singh AS, van Mechelen W, Chinapaw MJM. Sedentary behaviors and health outcomes among adults: a systematic review of prospective studies. Am J Prev Med. 2011;40:174–82. This systematic review explored the relationship between sedentary behaviors and health outcomes in adults, and identified 19 studies. The evidence was mixed for some outcomes, but a moderate evidence for sitting behavior and diabetes was evident, and a strong relationship between sitting behavior and all cause and cardiovascular disease mortality was noted. This type of summary is starting to synthesize the evidence that enables us to move towards public health recommendations.

4. Thorp AA, Owen N, Neuhaus M, Dunstan DW. Sedentary behaviors and subsequent health outcomes in adults: a systematic review of longitudinal studies, 1996–2011. Am J Prev Med. 2011;41:207–15.

5. Grøntved A, Hu FB. Television viewing and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. JAMA. 2011;305:2448–55.

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