1. Appadurai, A. (1994). Disjuncture and difference in the global cultural economy. In M. Featherstone (Ed.), Global culture, nationalism, globalization and modernity: A theory culture and society special issue (pp. 295–310). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
2. Ashby, E. (1966). Universities: British, Indian and African: A study in the ecology of higher education. London, England: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
3. Clark, B. R. (1983). The higher education system: Academic organisation in cross-national perspective. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
4. Daniel, J. S. (2001). Open learning at a point of turning. Indian Journal of Open Learning, 10(1), 19–31.
5. Daniel, J. S. (2004, November). From the triangle to the pentagon: Open universities in the 21st century. Paper presented at the 18th Annual Conference of the Asian Association of Open Universities, Shanghai, China.