1. For example, Burckhardt's formulation is quoted and supported by Mary Beard,Women as a Force in History: A Study of Traditions and Realities (New York, 1946), 246–49.
2. Jacob Burckhardt,The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, trans. S.G.C. Middlemore (New York, 1954), 292.
3. Moses A. Shulvass,The Jews in the World of the Renaissance, trans. Elvin I. Kose (Leiden, 1973), 166.
4. Cecil Roth,The Jews in the Renaissance (Philadelphia, 1959), 49.
5. See my forthcoming paper, “The Educational and Literary Activities of Jewish Women in Italy during the Renaissance and the Catholic Restoration,” in theShlomo Simonsohn Festschrift.