1. Giovanni Arrighi, The Geometry of Imperialism (New York: Schocken, 1978).
2. See Albert Bergesen and Ronald Schoenberg, “Long Waves of Colonial Expansion and Contraction, 1415–1969,” in Studies in the Modern World-System, ed. A. Bergesen (New York: Academic Press, 1980), pp. 13–23.
3. Immanuel Wallerstein, “The Future of the World Economy,” Processes of the World-System, ed. Terence K. Hopkins and Immanuel Wallerstein (Beverly Hills: Sage, 1979), pp. 167–80.
4. As far as these questions are concerned, I can only refer the reader to my study of the concept and nature of value, and the ways it functions in various relationships of production, both social and statist. See Samir Amin, The Law of Value and Historical Materialism (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1978).
5. Andre Gunder Frank and Samir Amin, “Let’s Not Wait for 1984: Discussion of the Crisis,” in Andre Gunder Frank, Reflections on the World Economic Crisis (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1981).