1. Richard Sakwa, ‘The Soviet State, Civil Society and Moscow Politics: Stability and Order in Early NEP, 1921–1924’ in Julian Cooper, Maureen Perrie, E.A. Rees (eds), Soviet History 1917–52, Basingstoke/London, 1995, pp. 42–69.
2. Robert C. Tucker, ‘A Choice of Lenins?’ in G.R. Urban (ed.), Stalinism: Its Impact on Russia and the World, Aldershot, 1982, pp 170, 171.
3. M. Lewin, Lenin’s Last Struggle, London, 1973, pp??
4. I. Deutscher, Stalin: A Political Biography, Harmondsworth, 1966, p. 245.
5. V.I. Lenin, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, vol. 45, pp. 389–406. On Lenin’s conception of ‘cultural revolution’ see C. Claudin-Urondo, Lenin and the Cultural Revolution, Brighton, 1977.