1. See R. W. Davies, Soviet History in the Gorbachev Revolution (London, 1989).
2. Lewis H. Siegelbaum, Soviet State and Society Between Revolutions, 1918–1929 (Cambridge, 1993), p. 4.
3. For the concept of a ‘socialist civil society’, see I. Szelenyi, ‘Socialist Opposition in Eastern Europe: Dilemmas and Prospects’ in R. L. Tokes (ed.), Opposition in Eastern Europe (London, 1979), pp. 187–208.
4. Something of the like is implied in Philip G. Roeder’s Red Sunset: The Failure of Soviet Politics (Princeton, NJ, 1993). He uses the critical insights of the so-called ‘new institutionalism’, focusing on the dynamic inter-relationship between institutions and political behaviour, to suggest a model of Soviet politics that transcends simplistic contrasts between the state and civil society.
5. See John Hoffman, ‘The Coercion/Consent Analysis of the State under Socialism’ in Neil Harding (ed.), The State in Socialist Society (London, 1984).