1. Joel Samoff, “Class, Class Conflict, and the State in Africa,” Political Science Quarterly 97, no. 1 (1982): 105–128;
2. Issa Shivji, “The State in the Dominated Social Formations of Africa: Some Theoretical Issues,” International Social Science Journal 32, no. 4 (1980): 730–742.
3. Claude Ake, A Political Economy of Africa ( London: Longman, 1981 ), pp. 126–127.
4. Raymond Duvall and John R. Freeman, “The State and Dependent Capitalism,” International Studies Quarterly 25, no. 1 (1981): 106.
5. Stephen D. Krasner, Structural Conflict: The Third World Against Global Liberalism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985), p. 4. The concept of regime may be applied both on the domestic and the international levels.