Effects of corn straw cover years on soil organic matter and compactness in typical black soil areas of Songnen Plain

Abstract

Abstract China is a huge agricultural country with rich straw resources. However, the problem to be solved urgently is to find means to use crop straw effectively and reasonably. To study the influence of no-tillage straw mulching measures on soil compactness and soil organic matter, taking the black soil straw mulching no-tillage test field in Gaojia Village, Lishu County, Jilin Province as the research object, the characteristics of soil compactness and organic matter in different tillage layers under different cover years of no-till straw are discussed. The results show the following: (1) in the 0–50 cm tillage layer, the highest treatment method of soil organic matter is NT1 (no-tillage corn stover mulching for one year), with an average value of 2.62%, and the soil organic matter content of NT1 treatment increased by 57.46% compared with RT (ridge tillage). (2) The compactness of surface soil (0–20 cm) no-tillage soil is higher than RT, with an increase of more than 6.87%, and the compactness of deep soil (20–50 cm) no-tillage soil is lower than RT, with a decrease of more than 23.48%. (3) No-tillage can improve the agglomeration structure of the surface soil, increase the moisture content of the surface soil, reduce the volume of the surface soil, and improve the organic matter content of the surface soil, thus increasing the firmness of the surface soil. This study can provide a theoretical basis for promoting the comprehensive utilization of straw resources and developing eco-agriculture.