PCR based fingerprinting techniques to transpire the microbial populations diversity of biofilm based nitrifying packed bed bioreactor in the bioremediation of aquaculture wastewater

Abstract

AbstractTo deal with the increasing risk of pollutants from the aquaculture practice, wastewater treatment systems are considered to be an ideal strategy, for reducing the impact on the natural ecosystem. Biological treatment systems per se bioreactors involving microorganisms are efficient in the bioremediation process is determined by the reactor design, operational module i.e., structure of the bacterial community, and their diversity which in turn reveals the essential relationship between its ecosystem and the environmental factors. Microbial diversity and the dynamics of the microbial populations illustrate the principal background of different bacterial communal development performing bioremediation. Progression in genome exploration led to multifaceted technical ease in recent with the emergence of different generation sequencing technologies e.g., Sanger sequencing, 454 sequencing, Illumina/Solexa sequencing, Single-molecule real-time sequencing, and Oxford nanopore sequencing. Though the recent advancements provide a greater profile of information for research, using high throughput sequencing could not be a suitable option in all aspects, especially in consideration of the initial research requirement, the low number of targets, minimal samples, and also the diversity scaling methodologies. In this review, we have discussed the PCR-based molecular fingerprinting techniques which go accessible with sanger sequencing methodologies as well as by combining different statistical and bioinformatic algorithms. The systematic analysis with the elementary molecular techniques combining sequence technologies and bioinformatics tools would enable us to understand the overview and diversity structure of the biofilm and further in-depth research by selecting appropriate sequencing platforms results in the dynamics of the microbial community.