Abstract
AbstractPlants absorb light energy for photosynthesis via photosystem complexes in their chloroplasts. However, excess light can damage the photosystems and decrease photosynthetic output, thereby inhibiting plant growth and development. Plants have developed a series of light acclimation strategies that allow them to withstand high light. In the first line of defense against excess light, leaves and chloroplasts move away from the light and the plant accumulates compounds that filter and reflect the light. In the second line of defense, known as photoprotection, plants dissipate excess light energy through non-photochemical quenching, cyclic electron transport, photorespiration, and scavenging of excess reactive oxygen species. In the third line of defense, which occurs after photodamage, plants initiate a cycle of photosystem (mainly photosystem II) repair. In addition to being the site of photosynthesis, chloroplasts sense stress, especially light stress, and transduce the stress signal to the nucleus, where it modulates the expression of genes involved in the stress response. In this review, we discuss current progress in our understanding of the strategies and mechanisms employed by plants to withstand high light at the whole-plant, cellular, physiological, and molecular levels across the three lines of defense.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Talent Support Project of Guangdong
Basic and Applied Basic Project of Guangzhou
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Cited by
3 articles.
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