1. Michell AGM. The limits of economy of material in frame structures.Philosophical Magazine, 1904, 8: 589–597
2. Dorn WS, Gomory RE, Greenoerg HJ. Automatic design of optimal structures.Journal de Mecanique, 1964, 3: 25–52
3. Prager W, Rozvany GIN. Optimal layout of grillages.J Struct Mech, 1977 (3): 265–294
4. Kirsch U. On singular topologies in optimal structural design.Struct Opt, 1990, 2: 133–142
5. Bendse M, Kikuchi N. Generating optimal topologies in structural design using a homogenization method.Comp Meth Appl Mech Eng, 1988, 71(2): 97–224