Predictors of Early Neurological Improvement in Patients with Anterior Large Vessel Occlusion and Successful Reperfusion Following Endovascular Thrombectomy—Does CT Perfusion Imaging Matter?

Abstract

Abstract Purpose We aimed to investigate treatment effect of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) on the change of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with anterior large vessel occlusion (LVO). Predictors of early neurological improvement (ENI) were assessed in those with successful reperfusion. Methods Data on stroke patients from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Anterior LVO was defined as occlusion of internal carotid artery and/or M1/M2 branch of middle cerebral artery. A reduction of at least 8 NIHSS points at 24 h after EVT or NIHSS score ≤ 1 at discharge was defined as ENI. In patients with successful reperfusion (TICI score of 2b/3) and available CT perfusion (CTP) imaging, 20 variables were tested in a smoothed ridge regression for their association with ENI. Results One hundred seventy two out of 211 patients had successful perfusion with 54 patients achieving ENI. Impact of successful EVT on reducing NIHSS score grew continuously on a daily basis up to the date of discharge. 105 out of 172 patients were included in final regression model. Short time from onset to admission and from groin-puncture to reperfusion, young age, low prestroke disability, high baseline CTP ASPECTS and high follow-up non-contrast CT (NCCT) ASPECTS were significantly associated with ENI. Neither baseline NCCT ASPECTS nor the volume of penumbra or ischemic core measured on CTP were associated with ENI. Conclusion CTP ASPECTS might better predict ENI than non-contrast CT at baseline in patients with successful reperfusion following EVT.