Total-internal-reflection deflectometry for measuring small deflections of a fluid surface

Author:

Jain UtkarshORCID,Gauthier Anaïs,van der Meer Devaraj

Abstract

AbstractWe describe a method that uses total internal reflection at the water–air interface inside a large, transparent tank, to measure the interface’s deflections. Using this configuration, we obtain an optical set-up where the liquid surface acts as a deformable mirror. The set-up is shown to be extremely sensitive to very small disturbances of the reflecting water surface, which are detected by means of visualising the reflections of a reference pattern. When the water surface is deformed, it reflects a distorted image of the reference pattern, similar to a synthetic Schlieren set-up. The distortions of the pattern are analysed using a suitable image correlation method. The displacement fields thus obtained correlate to the local spatial gradients of the water surface. The gradient fields are integrated in a least-squares sense to obtain a full instantaneous reconstruction of the water surface. This method is particularly useful when a solid object is placed just above water surface, whose presence makes the liquid surface otherwise optically inaccessible. Graphical abstract

Funder

Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes,General Physics and Astronomy,Mechanics of Materials,Computational Mechanics

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