Dynamics of Shadow System of a Singular Gierer–Meinhardt System on an Evolving Domain

Abstract

AbstractThe main purpose of the current paper is to contribute towards the comprehension of the dynamics of the shadow system of a singular Gierer–Meinhardt model on an isotropically evolving domain. In the case where the inhibitor’s response to the activator’s growth is rather weak, then the shadow system of the Gierer–Meinhardt model is reduced to a single though non-local equation whose dynamics is thoroughly investigated throughout the manuscript. The main focus is on the derivation of blow-up results for this non-local equation, which can be interpreted as instability patterns of the shadow system. In particular, a diffusion-driven instability (DDI), or Turing instability, in the neighbourhood of a constant stationary solution, which then is destabilised via diffusion-driven blow-up, is observed. The latter indicates the formation of some unstable patterns, whilst some stability results of global-in-time solutions towards non-constant steady states guarantee the occurrence of some stable patterns. Most of the theoretical results are verified numerically, whilst the numerical approach is also used to exhibit the dynamics of the shadow system when analytical methods fail.