Thymus × citriodorus: an Emerging Aromatic and Medicinal Hybrid Plant with Relevant Bioactive Potential

Abstract

AbstractThymus × citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb., Lamiaceae, is an emerging aromatic and medicinal hybrid plant with a lemon-like aroma and a mild and sweet-floral odor, distinct from other species from the Thymus genus, a characteristic that makes it appealing for food-related industries. Still, its different chemical profile also makes it particularly interesting for industries in other sectors. This review aimed to clarify the value of Thymus × citriodorus for health or well-being applications, by systematizing information on its different bioactive properties, which are relevant for health-related applications. Information on the chemical composition of its volatile oil and different extracts and the factors that contributed to the variation of their major components were also addressed. Geraniol was reported as the major compound in volatile oils from this plant, with relative abundances varying widely. Extracts (water or hydroalcoholic) were chiefly characterized by the presence of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and triterpenic acids. A wide variety of biologically significant activities were reported for the volatile oil and extracts of Thymus × citriodorus. This included antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities and cytoprotective effects on hepatic cells. Still, few studies address the hazardous/toxic effects on non-target organisms. Based on the reported bioactivities, the interest in Thymus × citriodorus goes beyond food-related applications. Further studies are still necessary to characterize this emerging hybrid plant for efficacy and safety of its preparations, thus promoting its value as raw material for industries in other fields, such as the cosmetic, perfumery, and pharmaceutical ones. Graphical Abstract