1. Al-Khubaizi, M., 1977: Sulfated and non-sulfated flavonoids fromFlaveria, Sartwellia, andHaploesthes. ? M.A. thesis, University of Texas, Austin.
2. Bishop, M. J., 1982: Criteria for the determination of the direction of character state changes. ? Zool. J. Linn. Soc.74: 197?206.
3. Burger, W. C., 1971:Piperaceae. ? InBurger, W. C., (Ed.): Flora Costaricensis. ? Fieldiana, Bot.35: 6?79.
4. Carlquist, S., 1974: Island biology. ? New York: Columbia University Press.
5. Carr, G. D., Kyhos, D. W., 1986: Adaptive radiation in the Hawaiian silverword alliance (Compositae: Madiinae). II. Cytogenetics of artificial and natural hybrids. ? Evolution40: 959?976.