1. This does not preclude the short-term dislocations, anxieties and even terror during the 1790s. See Dorinda Outram, “The Ordeal of Vocation: The Paris Academy of Sciences and the Terror,” Hist. Sci. 21 (1983): 251–274, and Wahn Anatomy, chaps. 8 and 9.
2. The issue of the impact of the revolution and of Napoleon on science is yet to be decided. See Henry Guerlac, “Some Aspects of Science in the French Revolution,” Sci. Monthly 80 (1955): 93–101
3. René Taton, “The French Revolution and the Progress of Science,” Centaurus, 3 (1953): 73–89
4. L. Pearce Williams, “The Politics of Science in the French Revolution,” in Critical Problems in the History of Science, Marshall Clagett, ed. (Madison WL: University of Wisconsin Press, 1962), 291–308
5. and Joachim Fischer, Napoleon und die Naturwissenschaften (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1988).