1. de Chateaubriand Fran&çois-René, Mémoires d'outre-tombe (Paris, 1958), 165. Unless otherwise indicated, all translations in the following pages are the author's. The ideology justifying the use of terror to create a republic of virtue is examined in Trahard Pierre, La sensibilité révolutionnaire (Paris, 1936).
2. Hahn Roger, The anatomy of a scientific institution: The Paris Academy of Sciences, 1666–1803 (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1971), 252–73.