Abstract
AbstractEarlier onset of the Southeast Asian summer monsoon (SAM) was observed over the Chao Phraya River basin in Thailand using Thai Meteorological Department-derived high-resolution merged rainfall data from 1981 to 2016. SAM variability depends on numerous local and global factors, including thermal conditions over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and Tibetan Plateau (TbT). Despite tremendous past research efforts, the effect of thermal heat contrast on the SAM remains unclear. Using observational and reanalysis datasets, we found that the absolute value of total heat over the BoB was increasing. However, the interannual variability of total heat was greater over the TbT. Changes in surface temperature (± 1.5 °C), air thickness (± 20 m), and geopotential height over the TbT were associated with the timing of SAM onset. The results also suggested that significant changes in air thickness are driven by surface temperature differences over the TbT, while changes in the integrated apparent heat source and integrated apparent moisture sink of ± 100 W m−2 resulted in anomalous convective activities over the BoB and mainland of the Indochina Peninsula in years of early and late SAM onset. At the intraseasonal timescale, Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) was observed over the Indian Ocean and Western Hemisphere for 4–10 days in years of early SAM onset. The opposite situation was found for years of late SAM onset, with MJO located over the Western Pacific Ocean and Maritime Continent.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference39 articles.
1. Abe M, Hori M, Yasunari T, Kitoh A (2013) Effects of the Tibetan Plateau on the onset of the summer monsoon in South Asia: the role of the air-sea interaction. J Geophys Res Atmos 118:1760–1776. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50210
2. Chi Y, Zhang F, Li W, He J, Guan Z (2015) Correlation between the onset of the East Asian subtropical summer monsoon and the eastward propagation of the Madden–Julian oscillation. J Atmos Sci 72:1200–1214. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-14-0038.1
3. Ding Y (2007) The variability of the Asian summer monsoon. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser II 85B:21–54. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.85B.21
4. Donald A, Meinke H, Power B, Wheeler M, Ribbe J (2004) Forecasting with the Madden-Julian oscillation and the applications for risk management, new directions for a diverse planet. RIET 126:24–35
5. Flohn H (1957) Large-scale aspects of the “summer monsoon” in South and East Asia Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser II 35A:180–186. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1923.35A.0_180
Cited by
2 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献