1. J. Merten's de Wilmars and I. M. Verougstraete, Proceedings against Member States for Failure to Fulfil their Obligations, 7 CMLRev. (1970), PP. 385-406; Manfred Zuleeg in Jahrbuch des öffentlichen Rechts des Gegenwart, neue Folge, Band 20 (1971), pp. 52-63; Jean-Victor Louis, Ordre public communautaire et intérêts des Etats dans la procédure en constatation
2. de manquements; in Miscellanea W. J. Ganshof van der Meersch, Brussels 1972, pp. 225-239; Hans Peter Ipsen, Europäisches Gemeinschaftsrecht, Tübingen 1972, pp. 233-237; Philippe Cahier, Les Articles 169 et 171 du traité instituant la CEE à travers la pratique de la Commission et la jurisprudence de la Cour, to CDE (1974), pp. 3-38.
3. E.E.C. Art. 155; Euratom Art. 124. See also ECSC Art. 8.
4. E.E.C. Art. 2,3; Euratom Art. 187. See also Art. 47 ECSC and thereon Ipsen (op. cit. note 1) p• 234.
5. This is the general rule; some articles provide for special procedures, see E.E.C. Articles 93,,8o and 225; Euratom Articles 38, 82. For the proceedings under Art. 93 E.E.C. see Mertens de Wilmars and Verougstraete (op. cit. note I) pp. 395–398. On the precontentious phase, see also Cahier (op. cit. note 1) pp. 5–15.