1. Adorno, Theodor W. 1997. Aesthetic Theory. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
2. Aristotle. 1987. Poetics. Trans. R. Janko. Indianapolis: Hackett.
3. Athanassoglou-Kallmyer, Nina. 1992. Géricaul’s Severed Heads and Limbs: The Politics and Aesthetics of the Scaffold. Art Bulletin 74(4): 599–618.
4. Bakhtin, Mikhail. [1935] 1984. Rabelais and His World. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
5. Barreré, Jean-Bertrand. 1972. Victor Hugo’s Interest in the Grotesque in His Poetry and Drawings. In French Nineteenth-Century Painting and Literature, ed. U. Finke, 258–279. Manchester: Manchester University Press.