1. In addition to extant sculpture published in Willibald Sauerländer, Gothic Sculpture in France, 1140–1270 (Paris: Flammarion, 1972), see portal illustrations in Dom Bernard de Montfaucon, Les Monumens de Monarchie Françoise, qui comprennent l’Histoire de France (Pans, 1729); and Dom Urbain Plancher, Histoire générale et particulière de Bourgogne (Dijon, 1739); and drawings of 1728 in Pans, BN, MS FR 15634, f 48–71.
2. In A. Katzenellenbogen, The Sculptural Programs of Chartres Cathedral: Christ, Mary, Ecclesia (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1959), Katzenellenbogen reviewed the history of iconographie interpretations of Chartres and Samt Denis: In 1751, Abbé Lebeuf rejected Montfaucon’s theory that the figures represented Merovingian kings and queens, suggesting instead that the statues on the royal portals should be regarded as personalities of the Old Testament; his opinion has prevailed for 250 years. For Mâle, Crosby, Kidson, and most recently Beaulieu, they are heroes of the Old Testament, the patriarchs and the kings, queens, and high priests of the Old Law, the ancestors of Christ. M. Aubert went on to identify each figure as each personifying a book of the Holy Scriptures. Abbé Bulteau, in line with Montfaucon, identified the crowned figures at Chartres as medieval rulers and queens In an unsubstantiated comment, Kitzinger (
3. Ernst Kitzinger, “The Mosaics of the Cappella Palatina in Palermo: An Essay on the Choice and Arrangement of Subjects,” Art Bulletin XXXI [1949], 269–292) proposed that the biblical Kings at Saint-Denis are the antecedents both of Christ and the Kings of France. Katzenellenbogen, 27–8; fn. 2–3, 115. Beauheu’s recent work continues in this exegetical vein as she names the column-figures
4. M. Beaulieu, “Essai sur l’iconographie des Statues-Colonnes de quelques portails du premier art gothique,” Bulletin Monumental 142 (1984) 273–307.
5. E. Viollet-le-Duc, Dictionnaire raisonné du mobilier français de l’époque carolingienne à la renaissance, III–IV (Pans: Morel et Cie, 1872); The bliaut, 43; the ceinture 107; Coiffure de dame noble, XII siècle, hairstyle of a twelfth-century noblewoman, 188.