1. Peter Struck, “Defense Policy Guidelines,” Federal Ministry of Defense, May 21, 2003, 4.
2. Douglas C. Peifer, The Three German Navies: Dissolution, Transition, and New Beginnings, 1945–1960 (Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2002).
3. For details about the Bundeswehr reform, see, von Bastian Giegerich, “Mugged by Reality? German Defense in Light of the 2003 Policy Guidelines,” Düsseldorfer Institut für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik (12.10.2003); Kerry Longhurst, Germany and the Use of Force (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2004), 107, 108, 111, 112, 113.; Josef Janning and Thomas Bauer, “Into the Great Wide Open: The Transformation of the German Armed Forces After 1990,” Orbis (Summer 2007): 529–541. Timo Noetzel and Benjamin Schreer, “All the Way? The Evolution of German Military Power,” International Affairs 84, no. 2 (2008): 211–223.
4. Franz-Josef Meiers, “The Reform of the Bundeswehr: Adaptation or Fundamental Renewal?” European Security 10, no. 2 (Summer 2001): 1–22.
5. Giegerich, “Mugged by Reality?,” 10; Janning and Bauer, “Into the Great Wide Open,” 532; Longhurst, Germany and the Use of Force, 98, 114. 115, 125; Martin Agüera, “Reform of the Bundeswehr: Defense Policy Choices for the Next German Administration,” Comparative Strategy 21 (2002): 184.