Human exposure to synthetic endocrine disrupting chemicals (S-EDCs) is generally negligible as compared to natural compounds with higher or comparable endocrine activity: how to evaluate the risk of the S-EDCs?
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Published:2020-06-08
Issue:7
Volume:94
Page:2549-2557
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ISSN:0340-5761
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Container-title:Archives of Toxicology
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Arch Toxicol
Author:
Autrup Herman,Barile Frank A.,Berry Sir Colin,Blaauboer Bas J.,Boobis Alan,Bolt Herrmann,Borgert Christopher J.,Dekant Wolfgang,Dietrich Daniel,Domingo Jose L.,Gori Gio Batta,Greim Helmut,Hengstler Jan,Kacew Sam,Marquardt Hans,Pelkonen Olavi,Savolainen Kai,Heslop-Harrison Pat,Vermeulen Nico P.
Abstract
AbstractTheoretically, both synthetic endocrine disrupting chemicals (S-EDCs) and natural (exogenous and endogenous) endocrine disrupting chemicals (N-EDCs) can interact with endocrine receptors and disturb hormonal balance. However, compared to endogenous hormones, S-EDCs are only weak partial agonists with receptor affinities several orders of magnitude lower. Thus, to elicit observable effects, S-EDCs require considerably higher concentrations to attain sufficient receptor occupancy or to displace natural hormones and other endogenous ligands. Significant exposures to exogenous N-EDCs may result from ingestion of foods such as soy-based diets, green tea and sweet mustard. While their potencies are lower as compared to natural endogenous hormones, they usually are considerably more potent than S-EDCs. Effects of exogenous N-EDCs on the endocrine system were observed at high dietary intakes. A causal relation between their mechanism of action and these effects is established and biologically plausible. In contrast, the assumption that the much lower human exposures to S-EDCs may induce observable endocrine effects is not plausible. Hence, it is not surprising that epidemiological studies searching for an association between S-EDC exposure and health effects have failed. Regarding testing for potential endocrine effects, a scientifically justified screen should use in vitro tests to compare potencies of S-EDCs with those of reference N-EDCs. When the potency of the S-EDC is similar or smaller than that of the N-EDC, further testing in laboratory animals and regulatory consequences are not warranted.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Toxicology,General Medicine
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