1. Department of Orthodontics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
2. Postgraduate Orthodontic Program, Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA.
3. Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
4. Department of Dentistry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
5. Department of Dental Hygiene, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan, Korea.
6. Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.