Application of a newly developed naive Bayes algorithm in fire alarm

Abstract

To address the problems of low recognition accuracy of traditional early fire warning systems in actual scenarios, a newly developed naive Bayes (NB) algorithm, namely, improved naive Bayes (INB), was proposed. An optimization method based on attribute weighting and an orthogonal matrix was used to improve the NB algorithm. Attribute weighting considers the influence of different values of each attribute on classification performance under every decision category; the orthogonal matrix weakens the linear relationship between the attributes reducing their correlations, which is more closely related to the conditional independence assumption. Data from the technology report of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) regarding fire research were used for the simulation, and eight datasets of different sizes were constructed for INB training and testing after filtering and normalization. A ten-fold cross-validation suggests that INB has been effectively trained and demonstrates the stable ability in fire alarms when the dataset contains 190 sets of samples; namely, the INB can be fully trained by using small datasets. A support vector machine (SVM), a back propagation (BP) neural network, and NB were selected for comparison. The results showed that the recognition accuracy, average precision, average recall, and average <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$\rm{F}_{1}$\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="JUST-2021-0258_M1.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="JUST-2021-0258_M1.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula> measure of INB were 96.1%, 97.3%, 97.2%, and 97.3%, respectively, which is the highest among the four different algorithms. Additionally, INB has a better performance compared to NB, SVM, and BP neural networks when the training time is short . In conclusion, INB can be used as a core algorithm for fire alarm systems with excellent and stable fire alarm capabilities.