Effect of Metformin in Pediatric Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

OBJECTIVE—Metformin is the most commonly prescribed oral antidiabetic agent in the U.S. for adults with type 2 diabetes. The incidence of type 2 diabetes in children has increased dramatically over the past 10 years, and yet, metformin has never been formally studied in children with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of metformin at doses up to 1,000 mg twice daily in 82 subjects aged 10–16 years for up to 16 weeks in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial from September 1998 to November 1999. Subjects with type 2 diabetes were enrolled if they had a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels ≥7.0 and ≤13.3 mmol/l (≥126 and ≤240 mg/dl), HbA1c ≥7.0%, stimulated C-peptide ≥0.5 nmol/l (≥1.5 ng/ml), and a BMI >50th percentile for age. RESULTS—Metformin significantly improved glycemic control. At the last double-blind visit, the adjusted mean change from baseline in FPG was −2.4 mmol/l (−42.9 mg/dl) for metformin compared with +1.2 mmol/l (+21.4 mg/dl) for placebo (P < 0.001). Mean HbA1c values, adjusted for baseline levels, were also significantly lower for metformin compared with placebo (7.5 vs. 8.6%, respectively; P < 0.001). Improvement in FPG was seen in both sexes and in all race subgroups. Metformin did not have a negative impact on body weight or lipid profile. Adverse events were similar to those reported in adults treated with metformin. CONCLUSION—Metformin was shown to be safe and effective for treatment of type 2 diabetes in pediatric patients.