Affiliation:
1. Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto Ontario, Canada
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of varying the amount of carbohydrate and glycemic index (GI) of breakfast test meals on plasma free fatty acid (FFA) responses of nondiabetic subjects and to see whether the glycemic response at lunch was related to the plasma FFA response to breakfast.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied eight subjects over a 6-h period on four separate occasions using a randomized Latin-square design. They received isocaloric breakfast test meals that were either high (84 g) or low (41 g) in carbohydrate and had either a high (∼ 100) or a low (∼ 70) GI, followed by a standard lunch 4 h later.
RESULTS
The initial fall in plasma FFAs after breakfast was similar for all four test meals, but the extent of rebound differed significantly. The mean plasma FFA concentration just before the start of lunch (4 h) was highest after the low-GI, low-carbohydrate breakfast (418 ± 42 mumol/l), followed by high-GI, low-carbohydrate (277 ± 48 μmol/l), high-GI, high carbohydrate (227 ± 32 μmol/l), and low-GI, high-carbohydrate (149 ± 23 μmol/l) (P < 0.01). The concentration of plasma FFAs at 4 h was directly related to the total area under the glycemic response curve to lunch (r = 0.691, n = 32, P < 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS
In nondiabetic subjects, the type and amount of carbohydrate eaten at breakfast influences the plasma glucose, insulin, and FFA responses to breakfast and also affects the glucose, insulin, and FFA responses to a subsequent standard lunch. The glycemic responses after lunch were closely related to the plasma FFA concentration 4 h after breakfast, which we speculate is due to the inhibitory effect of FFAs on insulin action.
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Subject
Advanced and Specialized Nursing,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Internal Medicine
Cited by
123 articles.
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