Retinopathy Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in Type 2 Diabetic Men and Women

Author:

Juutilainen Auni1,Lehto Seppo1,Rönnemaa Tapani2,Pyörälä Kalevi1,Laakso Markku1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland

2. Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

Abstract

OBJECTIVE—To investigate the association of retinopathy with the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in type 2 diabetic subjects in a population-based 18-year follow-up study with particular emphasis on sex differences. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Our study cohort comprised 425 Finnish type 2 diabetic men and 399 type 2 diabetic women who were free of CVD at baseline. The findings were classified based on standardized clinical ophthalmoscopy to categories of no retinopathy, background retinopathy, and proliferative retinopathy. The study end points were all-cause, CVD, and CHD mortality. RESULTS—Adjusted Cox model hazard ratios (95% CIs) of all-cause, CVD, and CHD mortality in men were 1.34 (0.98–1.83), 1.30 (0.86–1.96), and 1.18 (0.74–1.89), respectively, for background retinopathy and 3.05 (1.70–5.45), 3.32 (1.61–6.78), and 2.54 (1.07–6.04), respectively, for proliferative retinopathy and in women 1.61 (1.17–2.22), 1.71 (1.17–2.51), and 1.79 (1.13–2.85), respectively, for background retinopathy and 2.92 (1.41–6.06), 3.17 (1.38–7.30), and 4.98 (2.06–12.06), respectively, for proliferative retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS—Proliferative retinopathy in both sexes and background retinopathy in women predicted all-cause, CVD, and CHD death. These associations were independent of current smoking, hypertension, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, glycemic control of diabetes, duration of diabetes, and proteinuria. This suggests the presence of common background pathways for diabetic microvascular and macrovascular disease other than those included in the conventional risk assessment of CVD. The sex difference observed in the association of background retinopathy with macrovascular disease warrants closer examination.

Publisher

American Diabetes Association

Subject

Advanced and Specialized Nursing,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Internal Medicine

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3