Plant genome modification technologies and some aspects of their practical use

Abstract

Aim. To analyze modern methods of plant genome modification on the example of cereals and to evaluate the prospects of their use and practical significance. Methods. A review of available scientific sources and electronic resources containing data on existing and promising methods of genetic modification of cereals was conducted. Results. During the entire time of its development, mankind solved the issue of creating more productive agricultural crops that were adapted to the climatic conditions of existence. For this, domestication and selection based on spontaneous mutations were traditionally used. New technologies of genetic recombination, which have been developed in recent decades, make it possible to change the genome of plants in certain sites determined by the researcher. This has opened up unprecedented opportunities both in fundamental terms and in a whole range of applied aspects for elucidating the functions of specific genes and targeted improvement of the productivity of plants and some of them properties. Conclusions. Some modern new technologies of plant genome modifications are of significant scientific interest and practical importance. The use of these technologies is extremely important in many practical areas, especially for wheat and barley as the most agronomically important cereal crops in the world. Genome modifications agricultural crops require significant attention in terms of their safety and legal regulation of practical use. Information about modern methods of plant genome modification and directions for their use should be a mandatory element in educational courses on modern biotechnology in specialized educational institutions.