Environmental Impact of Lithium Mining in Northern Nigeria: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

This comprehensive study investigates the profound environmental impacts of lithium mining in Northern Nigeria, a region renowned for its rich mineral resources. The research uncovers the devastating consequences of lithium extraction on the environment, including water pollution, land degradation, air pollution, and severe health impacts on local communities. The mining process involves releasing toxic chemicals and heavy metals, such as lithium, arsenic, and cadmium, into nearby water sources, posing significant risks to aquatic life and human health. The extraction process also leads to water depletion, deforestation, habitat destruction, and soil structure disruption, resulting in land degradation and subsidence. Furthermore, mining activities release particulate matter and gases into the air, contributing to pollution and negative health effects for local communities. The direct lithium extraction process produces hazardous by-products harmful to human health, including respiratory problems and nervous-system disorders. This study highlights the urgent need for mitigation measures to minimise the environmental impacts of lithium mining in Northern Nigeria. Implementing effective recycling strategies, developing alternative technologies, and integrating biodiversity impacts into mining practices are crucial to ensure sustainable extraction and reduce harm to local ecosystems and human health. The findings of this research are essential for policymakers, mining industries, and environmental organisations to develop sustainable strategies for lithium mining, balancing economic growth with environmental stewardship and social responsibility.