1. Atzori, B. and Meneghetti, G., Fatigue strength of fillet welded structural steels: finite elements, strain gauges and reality, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 23 (2001), pp.713–721.
2. Japanese Society of Steel Construction, Fatigue design recommendations for steel structures, Gihodo syuppan (2012)， pp.65-72 (in Japanese).
3. Japan Railway Rolling Stock & Machinery Association, Bogie - structure, function and design (2017), p.184 (in Japanese).
4. JIS E4207, Truck frames for railway rolling stock − General rules for design, Japanese standards association (2019) (in Japanese).
5. JIS E4208, Test methods of static load for truck frames and truck bolsters of railway rolling stock, Japanese standards association (2004) (in Japanese).