1. Aida, T., Nishimi, Y., Kaminishi, M., Yamaguchi, A., Yamamoto, T., History and Future Prospects of Rolling Stock Parts, Japan Steel Works technical review, No.66(2015), pp.43–49(in Japanese).
2. CEN, EN12663-1:2010+A1:2014 Railway applications —Structural requirements of railway vehicle bodies— Part 1: Locomotives and passenger rolling stock (and alternative method for freight wagons)(2014).
3. CEN, EN15227:2020 Railway applications – Crashworthiness requirements for rail vehicles (2020).
4. Federal Railroad Administration, 49 CFR Part 238 Passenger equipment safety standards (2019).
5. Hamajima, T., Terumichi, Y., Train Set Motion Analysis in Large Displacement in Consideration of Plastic Deformation of a Coupler, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series C, Vol.79, No.806 (2013), pp.3786-3795(in Japanese).