Nanotechnologies: a review of inventions and utility models. Part IV.

Abstract

The article provides an abstract review of patents. The results of creative activity of scientists, engineers and specialists, including inventions in the field of nanotechnology and nanomaterials, being implemented, allow achieving a significant effect in construction, housing and community services, and related sectors of the economy. For example, the invention “Heat-insulating material based on air gel” can be used to obtain heat-insulating materials for a wide range of applications. The required technical result, which consists in improving the thermal insulation properties of the material in a wide temperature range, increasing the absorbing properties of electromagnetic radiation in the IR spectrum, increasing the mechanical strength and flexibility, as well as reducing crumbling, is achieved in an air gel-based material containing a fibrous substrate with a density of 0.001–0.1 g/cm3, consisting of silica and/or glass and/or basalt fibers with a diameter of 0.1–5 microns, which is impregnated with an air gel obtained on the basis of silicon dioxide from alkoxysilane with the introduction of a gelling agent and followed by supercritical drying. The introduction of nanomaterials gives an additional reinforcing effect, which increases the mechanical strength of the final material and significantly reduces the crumbling of the air gel. The final material can be provided with an additional layer of fibrous substrate to increase its vibration resistance. This is especially true when using the proposed material for civil and industrial construction in seismically active zones, as well as in aircraft and rocketry. The specialists can also be interested in the following inventions in the area of nanotechnologies: nano-coating protection method for electrical connectors, preparation method of nanometric size metal oxide additives that reduce the temperature of sintering, raw material mixture for the manufacture of fine-grained polymer concrete (modified with microsilica), installation for the synthesis of carbon-containing nanomaterials, a method for producing silver nanoparticles, a method for producing nanocrystalline cubic tungsten carbide, a composition with carbon nanotubes for obtaining a carbon blank for high-density SiC/C/Si ceramics and a method for producing articles from SiC/C/Si ceramics, composite membrane for drying natural and technological gas mixtures based on graphene oxide intercalated with hydroxylated fullerene derivatives, compositions containing nanometric copper, carbon-ceramic fiber-reinforced composite material and a method for its production, a method for producing nanoparticles of aluminum oxide et al.