Artificial intelligence in crime counteraction: From legal regulation to implementation

Abstract

The research relevance is determined by artificial intelligence (AI) as one of the ways to guarantee public safety and increase the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies. The study aims to investigate whether AI can be used in the legal system, with a particular focus on forensics and crime fighting. To achieve the research goal, the following methods were used: comparative legal, formal legal, historical legal, systemic and structural, and theoretical and prognostic. The article examines the use of AI in the legal sector from different perspectives and identifies “high- risk” AI systems. These systems should be used with caution and following specific criteria to ensure their safe and ethical use. In the context of criminal justice, it also examines how conventional digital technologies are connected to sophisticated AI capabilities, with a particular focus on the use of AI in the investigation of war crimes committed by Russia against Ukraine. While it is recognised that these materials must comply with applicable legal norms, AI is being used with great attention to collect and analyse data relevant to war crimes investigations. The results of the study show that although the use of AI in law enforcement operations can significantly increase the effectiveness of investigations, strict rules are still necessary to protect human rights and freedoms. It highlights how important AI is for war crimes investigations, especially considering Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine. While it is recognised that these materials must comply with applicable legal norms, AI is being used with great attention to collect and analyse data relevant to war crimes investigations. The results of the study show that although the use of AI in law enforcement operations can significantly increase the effectiveness of investigations, strict rules are still necessary to protect human rights and freedoms. It emphasises how important AI is for war crimes investigations, especially considering Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine